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Section 3(c): Discovery vs Invention Clear Legal Difference Explained
Patent

Section 3(c): Discovery vs Invention Clear Legal Difference Explained

Section 3(c) of the Patents Act prevents patenting the mere discovery of a scientific principle, abstract theory, or any substance occurring in nature. The law seeks to keep basic building blocks of nature and science free for everyone. Therefore, while finding a natural substance is not patentable, creating a new, engineered application, formulation, or structure using it often is, as it demonstrates human invention.

Read More → November 27, 2025
Section 3(b): Morality and; Public Order : What Inventions Are Barred?
Patent

Section 3(b): Morality and; Public Order : What Inventions Are Barred?

What exactly does Section 3(b) say?Section 3 of the Indian Patents Act, 1970 is the big “negative list”: things that are simply not “inventions?...

Read More → November 27, 2025
Section 3(a): What Counts as “Frivolous” or Against Natural Laws?
Patent

Section 3(a): What Counts as “Frivolous” or Against Natural Laws?

Section 3(a) is the first, fundamental filter in Indian patent law, excluding inventions that are frivolous or contrary to well-established natural laws.

Read More → November 27, 2025
The Internal Combustion Engine: Nikolaus Otto’s Patent That Moved the World

Case studies

The Internal Combustion Engine: Nikolaus Otto’s Patent That Moved the World


Uncover the story behind Nikolaus Otto’s engine patent and the timeless patent-strategy insights it provides for today’s creators.

Read More → November 23, 2025
The Wright Brothers: The Patent That Took Humanity to the Skies
Case studies

The Wright Brothers: The Patent That Took Humanity to the Skies

The Wright Brothers didn’t rely on luck or chance; they built systems, measured results, refined relentlessly.

Read More → October 27, 2025
Alexander Graham Bell and the Patent That Made the Telephone Ring
Case studies

Alexander Graham Bell and the Patent That Made the Telephone Ring

When Alexander Graham Bell died in 1922, every telephone in North America went silent for one full minute. Millions of people, many of whom had never seen his face, stopped to honor the man whose voice had traveled through their wires.

Read More → October 27, 2025
How Thomas Edison’s Light Bulb Lit Up the Modern World
Case studies

How Thomas Edison’s Light Bulb Lit Up the Modern World

Innovation, Patents & Business Lessons from the Man Who Electrified an Industry

Read More → October 27, 2025
Biswanath Prasad Radhey Shyam v. Hindustan Metal Industries - The Indian Test for Inventive Step
Case studies

Biswanath Prasad Radhey Shyam v. Hindustan Metal Industries - The Indian Test for Inventive Step

The Biswanath Prasad Radhey Shyam v. Hindustan Metal Industries case is a cornerstone in Indian patent law, particularly for evaluating inventive step.

Read More → October 26, 2025
Ferid Allani v. Union of India - Computer-Related Inventions and ‘Technical Effect’
Case studies

Ferid Allani v. Union of India - Computer-Related Inventions and ‘Technical Effect’

Ferid Allani v. Union of India is more than a legal footnote. It’s a guidepost for innovators navigating the tricky waters of software patents in India.

Read More → October 26, 2025
Monsanto Technology LLC v. Nuziveedu Seeds - Bt Cotton, Patentability and PV Act Interface
Case studies

Monsanto Technology LLC v. Nuziveedu Seeds - Bt Cotton, Patentability and PV Act Interface

Monsanto Technology LLC v. Nuziveedu Seeds is more than a patent dispute; it’s a guidebook for how India treats biotech patents in the context of plant variety protection.

Read More → October 26, 2025
Merck Sharp and Dohme v. Glenmark Pharmaceuticals - Injunction Standards for Sitagliptin
Case studies

Merck Sharp and Dohme v. Glenmark Pharmaceuticals - Injunction Standards for Sitagliptin

Merck Sharp & Dohme v. Glenmark Pharmaceuticals is more than a patent dispute; it’s a blueprint for understanding how Indian courts handle injunctions in life-saving drug cases.

Read More → October 26, 2025
F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd v. Cipla Ltd - Public Interest; Injunctions in Pharma Patents
Case studies

F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd v. Cipla Ltd - Public Interest; Injunctions in Pharma Patents

Roche v Cipla is not just a legal case - it’s a blueprint for balancing innovation and public good. The Indian courts sent a clear message: patents are powerful, but they aren’t absolute.

Read More → October 26, 2025
Bayer Corporation v. Natco Pharma - India’s First Compulsory Licence (Nexavar)
Case studies

Bayer Corporation v. Natco Pharma - India’s First Compulsory Licence (Nexavar)

The Natco licence didn’t just make Nexavar cheaper - it sent a signal that India’s patent system could flex to serve both innovation and humanity.

Read More → October 26, 2025
Novartis AG v. Union of India - Section 3(d) and the Glivec Patent
Case studies

Novartis AG v. Union of India - Section 3(d) and the Glivec Patent

Novartis AG v. Union of India wasn’t just a legal setback for one company - it was a defining moment in how India views pharmaceutical innovation.

Read More → October 26, 2025
How Curiosity Led Me to Intellectual Property!
Intellectual property for india

How Curiosity Led Me to Intellectual Property!

Sharing my journey as an intellectual property professional passionate about innovation, research, and policy - bridging technology, law, and development to turn ideas into impact!

Read More → October 15, 2025
Form 31: Grace period
Patent forms

Form 31: Grace period

Form 31 is the new Indian patent form to claim the 12-month “grace period” under Section 31 - allowing filing despite certain prior public disclosures.

Read More → October 9, 2025
Form 30: Miscellaneous form, to be used when no other form is prescribed
Patent forms

Form 30: Miscellaneous form, to be used when no other form is prescribed

Form 30 under the Indian Patents Rules is the miscellaneous form used for communications or requests when no specific form is prescribed - this article explains its scope, usage, drafting, and key cautions.

Read More → October 9, 2025
Form 29: Request for withdrawal of patent application
Patent forms

Form 29: Request for withdrawal of patent application

Form 29 is the formal request for voluntary withdrawal of a patent application in India - this article explains its statutory basis, procedure, refund implications, drafting format, and strategic use.

Read More → October 9, 2025
Form 28: To be submitted by a small entity/startup/educational institution
Patent forms

Form 28: To be submitted by a small entity/startup/educational institution

Form 28 is the declaration for claiming small entity, startup, or educational institution status in Indian patent proceedings - this article explains its law, contents, timing, strategic importance, and pitfalls.

Read More → October 9, 2025
Form 27: Statement regarding the working of the patented invention on commercial scale in India
Patent forms

Form 27: Statement regarding the working of the patented invention on commercial scale in India

Form 27 is the statutory “Statement of Working” for Indian patents — this article explains its legal basis, new rules, format, compliance, and strategic tips.

Read More → October 9, 2025
Form 26: Form of authorization of a Patent Agent/or any person in a matter or proceeding under the Act
Patent forms

Form 26: Form of authorization of a Patent Agent/or any person in a matter or proceeding under the Act

Form 26 is the legally prescribed power of attorney in Indian patent law - this article explains its statutory basis, contents, timing, revocation and best practices.

Read More → October 9, 2025